Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni imikoreshereze mishya y'ingufu, ihame ryayo ni binyuze mu cyuma kizana imirasire y'izuba guhuza ibikoresho byo gukusanya ingufu z'izuba, gukoresha ingufu z'izuba kugira ngo ushushe ibikoresho byo gukusanya mu buryo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe (amazi cyangwa gaze), hanyuma ushushe amazi kugirango akore moteri itwarwa na moteri itanga amashanyarazi. Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi bugabanijwe cyane cyane mu gukusanya ubushyuhe, gukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango ushushe uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe kugirango moteri itange amashanyarazi mumirongo itatu. Uburyo nyamukuru bwamashanyarazi yumuriro wizuba ni inkono, umunara, disiki (disiki) sisitemu eshatu. Fata sisitemu ya tronc nkurugero, ikoresha ibyuma byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa parabolike yegeranya byegeranye bikurikiranye kandi bigereranywa no gushyushya akazi, kubyara ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, no gutwara moteri ya turbine yashizweho kugirango itange amashanyarazi. Sisitemu nkiyi ifite ibyiza byo gusohora amashanyarazi neza kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mumbaraga shingiro no guhinduranya impinga, mugihe iboneza ryayo ryizewe kandi ryizewe (ububiko bwumuriro) nabyo bituma habaho ingufu zamashanyarazi nijoro.

Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi barimo gukora kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imikorere n’ubukungu by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu kunoza igishushanyo n’ibikoresho by’ikusanyamakuru, kongera imikorere yo guhinduranya amafoto, no kugera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no guhindura ingufu nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje kugaragara mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro, ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba rizagera ku gihe kirekire cyo gutanga amashanyarazi arambye, biteza imbere kwagura ikoreshwa ryayo mu nzego zitandukanye. Mubikorwa byubwubatsi, tekinoroji yumuriro wizuba nayo ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuyashyira mubikorwa, ntabwo ishobora guhuzwa gusa nuburyo bugaragara bwinyubako kugirango yongere ubwiza nuburambe bwinyubako, ariko kandi irashobora gutanga igice cyangwa amashanyarazi yose akenewe kuri inyubako. Muri rusange, ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu zifite icyerekezo kinini, kandi bizagira uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu z'ejo hazaza kuko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere kandi ibiciro bikagabanuka.

Igipimo cyinshi cyumuriro wumuriro wumuriro nigice cyingenzi cyane mumashanyarazi, intego nyamukuru yacyo ni uguhuza ihindagurika nimpinduka mumitwaro yamashanyarazi no kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi. Ibikurikira nubusobanuro burambuye bwumuriro wamashanyarazi FM:

I. Impinga

Guhinduranya impinga bivuga serivisi itangwa nigice gitanga amashanyarazi kugirango ikurikirane impinduka nimpinga yumutwaro kugirango uhindure umusaruro wibyara umusaruro muburyo buteganijwe kandi ukurikije umuvuduko runaka wateganijwe. Amashanyarazi yubushyuhe, cyane cyane amashanyarazi akoreshwa namakara hamwe na gaze ikoreshwa na gaze, muguhindura igipimo cyokongoka hamwe nogutemba kugirango bahindure ingufu kugirango babone ingufu zamashanyarazi mubihe bitandukanye.

Icya kabiri, kugenzura inshuro regulation kugenzura inshuro zishobora kugabanywa muburyo bwambere nubwa kabiri kugenzura.1. Igenamigambi ryibanze ryambere: Iyo amashanyarazi ya sisitemu atandukanijwe nintego yagenewe, generator yashizeho ihindura imbaraga zikora kugirango igabanye gutandukana kwinshi binyuze mubisubizo byikora bya sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko. Ibi ahanini binyuze mumashanyarazi yihariye yo kugenzura umuvuduko kugirango uhite umenya, ukurikije ibice byihariye.

2. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyateganijwe: mubisanzwe bigerwaho binyuze mumashanyarazi yikora (AGC), AGC bivuze ko generator yashyizeho ikurikirana amabwiriza yoherejwe mumashanyarazi mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe kandi igahindura umusaruro wamashanyarazi mugihe nyacyo ukurikije umuvuduko runaka wo guhuza kugirango uhure inshuro ya sisitemu yingufu nibisabwa kugenzura ingufu zumurongo. Uruhare rwarwo ni ugukemura ikibazo cyimihindagurikire yumutwaro byihuse hamwe nintambwe ntoya yo guhindura amashanyarazi, kugirango sisitemu yumurongo uhagarare kurwego rwagaciro gasanzwe cyangwa hafi yagaciro gasanzwe.Mu ncamake, impinduka yumurongo wa tekinike yumuriro wumuriro ni urufunguzo rwibanze rwo kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya sisitemu yingufu, kandi binyuze muburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura ibintu hamwe nuburyo bwa tekiniki, irashobora kugera kubikurikirana neza no gusubiza byihuse umutwaro wamashanyarazi.

Ubwoko bushya bwo kubika ingufu no gutanga ubushyuhe bwumunyu ushonga bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cya karubone. Nkubushyuhe bwo hagati nubushyuhe bwohereza ubushyuhe bwo kubika ubushyuhe, umunyu ushongeshejwe ufite ibyiza byumuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga wumuyaga, hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe buke buke, ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwihariye, nibindi. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo kubika umunyu ushonga ifite ibyiza murwego runini rwo gushyira mu bikorwa, kurengera ibidukikije bibisi, umutekano n’umutekano, nibindi, kandi nuburyo bwambere bwo guhitamo binini binini kandi birebire biciriritse kandi birebire cyane tekinoroji yo kubika ubushyuhe. Mu rwego rwo hejuru ya karubone, uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu z'umunyu zashongeshejwe hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya bikoreshwa cyane mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoresha inshuro nyinshi, gushyushya no gutunganya imyanda ndetse no mu zindi mirima. Binyuze mu gukoresha ingufu nshya no kugabanya ingufu za fosile kugabanya kwiyongera no kugabanuka kwimikorere ihuza, hamwe ningufu nshya hamwe no gukenera kubika ingufu, umunyu ushongeshejwe ububiko bushya bushobora gusimbuza amakara-

yirukanye gazi yamashanyarazi icyatsi kibisi, kubucuruzi bwinganda, parike yerekana kwerekana ubushyuhe bwicyatsi kibisi-karubone, kugirango bifashe kugera kumpera ya karubone nibihe bishya byiterambere ryiza ryiza.

Byongeye kandi, binyuze muburyo bushya kandi bunoze bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi atandukanye asukuye hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi nka "Photovoltaic + umunyu ushongeshejwe" kubika ingufu, "ingufu z'umuyaga + umunyu ushonga" ububiko bw'ingufu, n'ibindi, tekinoroji nshya yo gushyushya ingufu z'umunyu ushonga Irashobora kugera ku kigero kinini cy’ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa muri parike, kandi ikihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya Peak Carbon Action na pilote nshya ya zero-karubone. porogaramu hamwe na zero-karubone yerekana indege. Muri make, uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zumunyu ushushe hamwe nubuhanga bwo gushyushya bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cya karubone, kandi bitanga inkunga ikomeye yo kubaka sisitemu nshya y’ingufu no guteza imbere icyatsi na karuboni nkeya.

Amashanyarazi yumunyu mwinshi ni tekinoroji ikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumunyu ushongeshejwe kugirango uhindure ingufu zumuriro kandi ubyare amashanyarazi. Muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi yumunyu, umunyu ushongeshejwe ubanza gushyuha mubushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma ubushyuhe bukoherezwa mumyuka y'amazi binyuze muburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe. Umwuka wamazi waguka uko ashyushye kandi ugatwara turbine, nayo igatera moteri kubyara amashanyarazi. Nyuma yo guhindura ingufu, umwuka wamazi ukonjeshwa na kondenseri hanyuma ukongera gukoreshwa. Amashanyarazi yumunyu mwinshi afite ibyiza byinshi. Ubwa mbere, umunyu ushongeshejwe, nk'uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe no kubika, urangwa no guhagarara neza ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru ndetse n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibyo bigatuma sisitemu y’amashanyarazi yumunyu ushonga ibasha kumenya imbaraga z’ubushyuhe zikora neza kandi zihamye. Icya kabiri, tekinoroji yumuriro wumunyu irashobora gukoreshwa mubijyanye no kubyara amashanyarazi no kuvugurura amashanyarazi, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa no gukoresha

y'ingufu zisukuye. Byongeye kandi, kubika ingufu zumunyu ushonga birashobora no gukoreshwa mubihe aho ingufu zanyuma zikenerwa ningufu zumuriro, nko gutanga ubushyuhe bwiza.