Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo elanga kuwukusetshenziswa okusha kwamandla, umgomo wawo uwukuthi ngokusebenzisa isibonisi sizokwenza ukukhanya kwelanga kuhlangane kudivayisi yokuqoqa amandla elanga, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ukushisa idivayisi yokuqoqa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokudlulisa ukushisa (uketshezi noma igesi), bese kushisisa amanzi ukwenza ugesi oqhutshwa ngesitimu noma oshayelwa ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza amandla ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi ekuqoqweni kokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ukushisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nendawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ukushayela injini ukukhiqiza ugesi ngezixhumanisi ezintathu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza amandla ashisayo elanga yi-trough, umbhoshongo, i-disc (idiski) izinhlelo ezintathu. Thatha isistimu yomkhombe njengesibonelo, isebenzisa iziqoqi eziningi zokugxilisa ze-parabolic zohlobo lwe-trough ezihlelwe ngochungechunge nokuhambisana ukushisisa indawo yokusebenza, ukukhiqiza isitimu esishisa kakhulu, nokushayela isethi yejeneretha ephehla ugesi. Uhlelo olunjalo lunenzuzo yokuphuma kwamandla abushelelezi futhi lungasetshenziselwa amandla ayisisekelo kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu, kuyilapho ukugcinwa kwayo kwamandla okuqinisekisiwe nokuthembekile (isitoreji esishisayo) nakho kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo ebusuku.

Njengamanje, abacwaningi basebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nezomnotho wokukhiqiza amandla ashisayo elanga ngokuthuthukisa ukuklama nezinto zokwakha zomqoqi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photothermal, nokufeza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla aphezulu. Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokugcina amandla ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic buzofeza isikhathi eside sokunikezwa kwamandla okusimeme, okugqugquzela ukwandiswa kokusetshenziswa kwawo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Emkhakheni wokwakha, ubuchwepheshe be-solar thermal bunamandla amakhulu okusebenza, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi bungakwazi ukuhlanganiswa nokubukeka kwesakhiwo ukuthuthukisa ubuhle nokusimama kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi bungahlinzeka ngengxenye noma sonke isidingo sikagesi isakhiwo. Sekukonke, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo elanga kuyindlela entsha yokusebenzisa amandla namathemba abanzi, futhi kuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla esikhathini esizayo njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka nezindleko zincishiswa.

Ukulawulwa kwemvamisa ephezulu yamayunithi amandla ashisayo kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yamandla, inhloso eyinhloko ukuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka kanye nezinguquko emithwalweni yamandla nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu yamandla. Okulandelayo yincazelo enemininingwane yeyunithi yamandla ashisayo FM:

I. Ukuqopha

Ukushintsha okuphezulu kubhekisela kusevisi ehlinzekwa iyunithi ekhiqizayo ukulandelela izinguquko eziphezulu kanye nesigodi somthwalo ukuze kulungiswe okukhiphayo kweyunithi ekhiqizayo ngendlela ehleliwe futhi ngokuya ngesivinini esithile somthetho. Amayunithi wamandla ashisayo, ikakhulukazi amayunithi asebenzisa amalahle namayunithi aphehla igesi, ngokulungisa izinga lokuvutha nokugeleza kwesitimu ukuze kushintshwe amandla okukhiphayo ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo samandla ngezikhathi ezihlukene.

Okwesibili, i-frequency regulation, i-frequency regulation ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-primary and secondary frequency regulation.1. Ukulawulwa kwamafrikhwensi okuyisisekelo: Uma ifrikhwensi yesistimu yamandla ichezuka kufrikhwensi eqondiwe, isethi yejeneretha ilungisa amandla asebenzayo ukunciphisa ukuchezuka kwefrikhwensi ngokuphendula okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu yokulawula isivinini. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngesistimu yokulawula isivinini yejeneretha ukuze ibonakale ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngezici zayo zeyunithi.

2. Ukulawulwa kwefrikhwensi yesibili: kuvame ukutholwa ngokulawulwa kokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo (AGC), i-AGC isho ukuthi isethi yejeneretha ilandelela imiyalelo yokuthunyelwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo lokulungiswa kokuphumayo futhi ilungise ukuphuma kokukhiqiza amandla ngesikhathi sangempela ngokuya ngesivinini esithile sokulungisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nayo. imvamisa yesistimu yamandla kanye nezidingo zokulawula amandla zomugqa wokuxhumana. Indima yayo ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguquguquka okusheshayo komthwalo kanye nezinga elincane lokushintsha kokuphehla amandla, ukuze imvamisa yesistimu izinze ezingeni levelu evamile noma eduze nenani elivamile. indlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu yamandla, futhi ngokusebenzisa amasu okulungisa aguquguqukayo kanye nezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ingakwazi ukuzuza ukulandelela okunembile kanye nokusabela okusheshayo kumthwalo wamandla.

Uhlobo olusha lokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokunikezwa ukushisa kukasawoti oncibilikisiwe kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni. Njengomthombo ophakathi nendawo nophezulu wokushisa okushisa okushisa okushisa okuphakathi nendawo, usawoti oncibilikisiwe unezinzuzo zokucindezela komhwamuko ogcwele, ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa okuphezulu, i-viscosity encane ephansi, umthamo omkhulu wokushisa othize, njll. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugcina ukushisa kukasawoti oluncibilikisiwe lunezinzuzo. yobubanzi bokusebenza, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ukuphepha nokuzinza, njll., futhi kuyisinqumo sokuqala sobuchwepheshe bokugcina ukushisa okukhulu nokwesikhathi eside okuphakathi nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngomongo we-carbon peak, isitoreji esisha samandla kasawoti oncibilikisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisa busetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphehleni amandla elanga ashisayo, ukulungiswa kwemvamisa yeyunithi yamandla ashisayo, ukulungiswa kokushisisa nokulahla imfucuza kanye nezinye izinkambu. Ngokusetshenziswa kokukhula kwamandla amasha kanye nokunciphisa amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi zokwanda nokuncipha kwendlela yokuxhumanisa, kuhlanganiswe namandla amasha nesidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla, usawoti oncibilikisiwe wokugcina amandla amasha ungangena esikhundleni samalahle-

ugesi ohlaza obhayela wegesi ocishiwe, wamabhizinisi ezimboni, amapaki emiboniso ukuze ahlinzeke ngokushisa okuluhlaza okuhlanzekile kwekhabhoni ephansi, ukusiza ukufeza isiqongo sekhabhoni kanye nenkathi entsha yokuthuthukiswa kokuluhlaza kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa uhlelo olusha noluphelele lokushisisa okuhlanzekile okuhlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla aphezulu obufana nesitoreji samandla "i-photovoltaic + usawoti oncibilikisiwe", "amandla omoya + usawoti oncibilikisiwe" ukugcinwa kwamandla, njll., ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla kasawoti obuncibilikisiwe ingafinyelela ingxenye ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo epaki, futhi isheshise ukufezeka kwePeak Carbon Action Programme kanye nomshayeli omusha wokubonisa i-zero-carbon. uhlelo kanye nomshayeli omusha wokubonisa i-zero-carbon. Ukufingqa, ubuchwepheshe obusha obuncibilikisiwe bokugcina amandla kasawoti kanye nokushisisa budlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwe-carbon peak, futhi buhlinzeka ngosekelo oluqinile lokwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kasawoti oncibilikisiwe kuwubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa izici zokushisa eziphezulu zikasawoti oncibilikisiwe ukuguqula amandla ashisayo futhi kuphehle ugesi. Ohlelweni lokuphehla amandla kasawoti oncibilikisiwe, usawoti oncibilikisiwe uqala ukushiswa ufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu bese ukushisa kudluliselwa kumhwamuko wamanzi ngenqubo yokushintshanisa ukushisa. Umhwamuko wamanzi uyakhula njengoba ufudunyezwa futhi ushayela i-turbine, yona eshayela ijeneretha ukuthi ikhiqize ugesi. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwamandla, umhwamuko wamanzi upholiswa nge-condenser bese ugaywa kabusha. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kasawoti oncibilikisiwe kunezinzuzo eziningana. Okokuqala, usawoti oncibilikisiwe, njengendawo yokudlulisa ukushisa nokugcinwa, ubonakala ngokuzinza okuhle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokushisa, okwenza uhlelo lokukhiqiza usawoti oncibilikisiwe lukwazi ukubona ukuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi azinzile. Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla kasawoti obuncibilikisiwe bungasetshenziswa emikhakheni yokukhiqiza amandla e-photothermal kanye nokuvuselelwa kwesitshalo samandla ashisayo, okunikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo nokusetshenziswa.

wamandla ahlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitoreji samandla kasawoti oncibilikisiwe singasetshenziswa futhi ezimeni lapho isidingo samandla okugcina singamandla ashisayo, njengokuhlinzekwa kokushisa okuhlanzekile.